Know your surgical risk before you decide.
For U.S. patients and families told heart surgery is needed. Compare educational risk estimates, one question at a time.
Explore an online heart-surgery second opinion.A real cardiac surgeon and cardiologist review every WhiteGloveMD case and co-sign the report.
+Who is this for?
We will adjust the language and next steps to fit your role.
What kind of heart surgery are you facing?
Choose the closest match. We will carry it through the calculator and into the right second-opinion pathway.
What have you been told?
There is no wrong answer. This helps us meet you where the decision stands today.
Four estimates. One clearer view of risk.
Answer what you know. We compare four perspectives, then show where they agree and where they do not.
How urgent is the proposed operation?
Use the wording the treating team used.
What do these choices mean?+
- Elective means the operation is planned and there is time to prepare.
- Urgent means it is needed during the current admission or very soon.
- Emergent or salvage means treatment cannot safely wait.
Would this be your first heart operation?
A prior operation can change surgical risk and planning.
What do these choices mean?+
- Choose the first option if you have never had heart surgery before.
- Choose the second option if you previously had bypass, valve, aortic, or another open-heart operation.
How old are you?
The current surgical risk models are validated for adults.
What sex was recorded at birth?
These models use biological sex because it affects their published risk coefficients.
What are your height and weight?
An estimate is okay. Leave either field blank if you do not know it.
What is the ejection fraction, or LVEF?
This number may appear on an echocardiogram report.
Ejection fraction is the percentage of blood the heart’s main pumping chamber pushes out with each beat.
How much do symptoms limit activity?
Choose the closest description. This is called the NYHA functional class.
What do these choices mean?+
- No limitation means usual activity does not trigger shortness of breath, fatigue, or chest symptoms.
- Slight or marked limitation describes symptoms with ordinary or lighter-than-ordinary activity.
- Symptoms at rest means symptoms can occur without physical activity.
Was there a recent heart attack?
Choose the closest timing, or select no recent heart attack.
What do these choices mean?+
- Use the time since the most recent heart attack, not the time since symptoms began.
- Choose no recent heart attack if none was diagnosed.
Is a heart rhythm problem part of the history?
Choose the closest match.
What do these choices mean?+
- Atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter are fast, irregular rhythms from the upper chambers.
- Complete heart block is a major delay or interruption in the heart’s electrical signal.
- Choose none that I know of if no rhythm diagnosis was given.
Has pulmonary hypertension been diagnosed?
This means elevated pressure in the blood vessels of the lungs.
What do these choices mean?+
- The echocardiogram or heart-catheterization report may call this moderate or severe.
- Choose none or unknown if the diagnosis or severity was not provided.
Is chronic lung disease present?
Examples include COPD, emphysema, or chronic respiratory disease.
What do these choices mean?+
- Mild, moderate, and severe refer to the treating team’s documented severity.
- Choose none if chronic lung disease is not part of the medical history.
How is diabetes treated?
Choose no diabetes if it is not part of the medical history.
What do these choices mean?+
- Diet-controlled means no diabetes medicine is used.
- Non-insulin medicine includes pills and injectable medicines other than insulin.
- Choose insulin-treated if insulin is part of the current regimen.
What do you know about your kidney function?
Creatinine is usually listed in routine bloodwork. Leave it blank if unknown.
What do these choices mean?+
- Creatinine is a blood-test result used to estimate how well the kidneys are filtering.
- Choose dialysis only if you currently receive hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis.
Is any intensive cardiac support being used?
Select every item that applies. Continue if none apply.
What do these choices mean?+
- Cardiogenic shock means the heart cannot pump enough blood to support you and the body’s organs.
- Recent CPR or cardiac arrest means resuscitation was required before the proposed operation.
- An IABP is a temporary balloon pump placed in the aorta to help the heart circulate blood.
- IV heart-support medicines are continuous medicines used to strengthen the heartbeat or support blood pressure.
- Critical preoperative state means the treating team describes you as unstable before surgery.
- Chest pain at rest means symptoms occur without physical activity.
Which other health factors apply?
Select every item that applies. Continue if none apply.
What do these choices mean?+
- Select an item only if it is part of the current medical history or treatment.
- Active valve infection means endocarditis that is currently being treated or evaluated.
Which medical-history items apply?
Select every item that applies. Continue if none apply.
What do these choices mean?+
- Prior stent or angioplasty means a catheter procedure used to open a coronary artery.
- Peripheral vascular disease affects arteries outside the heart.
- Prior stroke or cerebrovascular disease includes a diagnosed stroke or disease affecting blood flow to the brain.
- Limited mobility means a major physical limitation from a neurological or musculoskeletal condition.
Add what you know. Skip what you do not.
Frailty, recent labs, and surgical complexity can sharpen the AATS estimate. Every next question can be skipped.
Do you know either frailty measurement?
Leave both blank if these tests were not performed.
Do you know a frailty or daily-living score?
Keep the defaults if no score was documented.
Do you know any of these lab values?
Leave every field blank if they are not available.
Do any advanced surgical factors apply?
Select every item that applies. Continue if none apply.
What do these choices mean?+
- Porcelain aorta means the aorta is heavily calcified.
- Thoracic-aorta surgery includes the root, ascending aorta, arch, or descending chest aorta.
- Choose only factors documented by the treating team.
We are building your preliminary risk picture.
STS PROM, EuroSCORE II, AATS, and the WhiteGloveMD weighted composite are being compared.
1.0% weighted risk
This falls in the lower range. A score estimates risk; it does not decide whether surgery is the right treatment.