What is an LVAD?
An LVAD (left ventricular assist device) is a mechanical pump surgically implanted in the chest that helps the left ventricle pump blood to the body. It is used for patients with advanced heart failure (stage D) either as a "bridge to transplant" (supporting the heart until a donor heart becomes available) or as "destination therapy" (permanent support for patients not eligible for transplant). Modern LVADs are continuous-flow devices the size of a small cup.
The complete answer.
LVAD implantation requires open-heart surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. The device has an internal pump connected to an external battery and controller via a driveline that exits through the skin. Patients with LVADs can go home and resume many activities, but require anticoagulation, driveline site care, and regular follow-up. Complications include bleeding (especially GI bleeding), driveline infection, stroke, and right heart failure. The MOMENTUM 3 trial demonstrated the HeartMate 3 LVAD provides excellent 2-year survival (79%) with low stroke rates. LVAD candidacy requires evaluation at an advanced heart failure center.
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